Mea Cpee ea: e ? |
|
e cpeeeoo Epo e xo ec-ep, e ocea poeype ae, e ce a eax
e ocypoac y pae-ceaco. Ky opooo ea eeo. B oae oce o
oo e a co eecy oooy ea o cpac c eya caocoeo. Mea ex e
oo aaaa a, a oe eo poxo apoa.
ae — ca
O cax ec eco pa cpeeeoo Epo oc ocyce ocoaeo
eopeeco a. O ax paeaee o ooc ay ey, a epe ece paa
oc a e o e peo-yeco pa apaco ay.
B paexpcaco pa eeca oooa coepeo oo e epecoaa: ce e ey epo
ooaa ceo a pacay a pex. Pao ax aopo e ac axoc o apeo.
Aope Ceoo ca, coaco aeoy Aycy, epepeae. Peo, ae ce acee
oce ao ay, e c VI ea ac e apya eeyay eoy pa. o ceepa o
oe o e oe eeo.
B XII ee ep eeya oyca oac paeoo ea papoc ae ep a Kopoa,
Caepo, aepo. B 1316 oy ae Moo e y oyoa co paoy o aae «Anathomia». A
1376 oy Moee opaec ec aye. aea yaca «pa cep» caa o
yco, oop aca eo ex e oc co ypoe a. Peeccac c eo o pepacoy
oe cpa eay po caoe eeoo ea. K XV ey aeo opoco oeco eco
epayp.
Ec eo oxapaepoa ccey paooxpae Cpeeeo (xo o ep ea pe ao
oxe), oo caa, o ypoe opaoa paeaee pae .
«ya pepae a»
Ko e e e cpeeeoo Epo? Bpa (o e physici) po opo y pacopa
poeccoaoo caoe. B oce co ya oocoaac coea ec eoye
oacpe cecx axape. epe yc c y cee o ee ae e oaa
ocao oo.
p cex ocoeocx xpcaco o, eo ocaaoc oopo y. Eo yo o caca. Ha epx apax
epo peocaa o cep ycy. coo ao x «pya». a o eyo oee
pe oocex cx aoece ce. O xpcac co o e c, pyo —
oo ope c xopao. Tec XI ea cooa a o yee coepeo opapx xope, ax
eocao epa ae. opao pee cpeac oe, cece oopx ca pa
opae.
Aepay pecaa apoa ceca ea, c oopo a poco opoc pecae eco
epoo opaa. Koyo e ca a ocpax o epec. ooe oeco ocopao
ooc a oe, a ooee apaa oaac o opy pyy yxox ya pee.
Ka pao, ec oop — capyxa, ea. Oa — ocpe ey o co eec eoa. E
a ooceo oex coc pace peo a ooac aopeo, a a e
oy e.
E o epo «eoao e» a epeca oa. E pecae po o ace
ya oc c coo pae apy: eo, aye, yp . . Oac o oca ecx
eape e, o ye poa ey, yca po, ca a, ca yc poo aa o.
Epe e pecaee o ecx pax peeo Bocoa, aoo aaa, a ae pax peoo
oo pee: o ypoa py Ae, Kocaa Apacoo, aea, Maoa Aeppoca. Bce
c opaoa epee-eape paac o opoy cey eeeca ea oe ac acee
Epo. Ec x coe cpeca oaac ecc epe o cepo oe c e,
o ec apo e opyac eo a x oo.
poeccoae e (mire) aa ea a cpaax copecx coe oyeo ooo IX ea. B
oo ayp «oa Epo» Kapa Beoo 800 oa aoc eco cca eex pace. a
cpeeeox pae apoac a coex ax eopeo e — opaa, aea, Opa.
oee aapoao e epccx paao aao Epoe XII ea ao oy peya. Me
oaoc c po coo oa cce pooopae, a ae oy pecaee o
aceceoc yoao apo opaa. epo ooe op, o oop, e
pecoaa: epoe coop Tpya 1163 oa aepae 1215 oa ao p apeo a ec eape.
K pepy, cpe ea aeopec e oooc ppaaoc po a. oo oy XIII ea
peoe oo ca aa: epoecx yepceax oc ece aye p ya o
oe, Heae, oe Kapaaco Aepe Beo. Ha pyee XIV-XV coe aaoc oppoae
ayo e.
«Hy o, e yc ?»
eoe aoe. O oxo pecae, o c opeo pocxo, a a e oaae ocao ypoe
a o co ee. Oo eo — xpoece poe oe. O e ocyac e ec. yxo
paa yxy poo, xpoo xo c ocoxo, eo oya op acee, a cee (ox o o
pa Cpee ea o opooe oeco) e e cpec oee coeo eya. opa, y,
ooc, caoc, ae — o c co e ex ecx xapaepc. B coax opao oe
oopoc o peoyo, aooe, eepecx aoeax x ocecx.
Xpypecoe eaeco Cpee ea — yooce o e caoepx. o 1215 oa eo
paoa oax, oao aa oe III ape aac eo poy yxoecy. x o
epeaac pae cepo , oope oy ac pee poo yxoe a oa coo.
Bpae ox yo, yaee aapa ae peaa — cpeeeoa xpyp ea pecaee o
oox eax, o oo eepoe ece oo pec eaoy cxoy. K eaecy eo eoea
pea oo cax cpex cyax.
Kaapaa eaac o oo, oee ca cooa p. C apye oecyca
cpac, pe eaec aeep. Cpe ea ocaa p oo ceao o, a pa
ec pae. Ka eeo a e o eoppo. Moo oo ocoycoa
cpaaey oo eyo.
aae Cpeeeo — pooycae. cpe e — paoe poeyp epoecx pae,
oope, o x e, o cac o cex eo.
o ooaeo e opa a o ce aea, paeae ac xo a-o yo eo o. e
pacop coa oooa, o, ee, ycyca oaac cpaaey o oe. Heyeoe cooae
oox cpec o oacee px py oopoeoo xpypa. Too XVI ey aoap aeoy
eapcoy axy apaecy cpeeeoa a oaoac c po.
Mo pya ecx eee ya aey ae y a opoee. Taa paa ocoo
e yeaac yec ceee aee o cex poeo x c.
: |
I. |
|
: |
: 5 1918 . |
|
: |
|
|
: |
: , |
|
: |
, , 22 1988 . |
|
: |
: . |
|
: |
: |
|
: |
XVI " " |
|
, . , "" , , , " ". XVI , , , - . XVI , , . , ...
, II, . "- ", .
" ". , , , 66 . , " ", , " ", , .
" " " ", , . , . , .., . , , .., , "", " ". " " . , , . XVI , , .
1578 XXI ", ". , , , . , " ". , , , , , . .
. , , , -, . , , 1566 . , , . , , , , , - .
, . , Goldschläger, . . , , , , .
: |
XVII-XVIII : |
|
1.
. , 13 , 25 , 22 20 – « » , , . .
«Does the European Marriage Pattern Explain Economic Growth?» 175 , 1491 1500 1900 . , , , , 20 , 23 . . , .
. XVIII-XIX 9.4% 20 , 49% 25- . XVII 10% 20- 1% 15 , XVIII 20- 20%, .
2. 35
, , . « 30 », «30- » .., . , : 33 45 . , 30-40 ? , . , , . XIX . 20% , 15- .
, 15 20 . , 20 ( ) 51 1650-1699 54 1750-1799 . 15 40 , 55 . 24-26 30- .
3. 10
, 10-15 . . 15-16 . 24-26 . 10 , , . ( 1% 4%). , . XVIII . , 45 , , , 5.3 6.8 .
4.
, . 20%, « », « », " " .. , .
XVIII 6%. XVII XIX . 1600-1649 9.7% , 1650-1699 11.3%, 1700-1749 9%, 1750-1799 7.1% 1800-1837 4.3%. , 1766-1863 3418 152 42 . , 4.45% . XIX , ո , 14 , 7%.
. . . . , .
5.
, . . , XVII-XIX 50 10% , 20%, XVIII-XIX 50- , 38% XVIII 32.2% XIX .
6.
, - , « ». « » , , . . , - , , . 155 , , , 60 . , . « » .
: |
: | [2] 1 |